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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Related Experiment Video

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Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
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Circular RNAs function as ceRNAs to regulate and control human cancer progression.

Yaxian Zhong1,2, Yajun Du1,2, Xue Yang1,2

  • 1The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Molecular Cancer
|April 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable molecules that act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). They regulate gene expression and are crucial in tumor progression, offering potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
CancerCircular RNAsGene expression regulationceRNA

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Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules with enhanced stability compared to linear RNAs.
  • circRNAs function as a critical component within the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network.
  • These molecules are abundant across various organisms and play significant roles in cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of circRNAs' roles as ceRNAs in cancer.
  • To highlight the involvement of circRNAs in signal transduction pathways that regulate cellular functions.
  • To emphasize the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on circRNAs and their ceRNA activity.
  • Analysis of circRNA involvement in key cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration.
  • Examination of circRNAs' participation in cancer-related signal transduction pathways.

Main Results:

  • circRNAs act as sponges for microRNAs (miRNAs), influencing target RNA stability and translation.
  • circRNAs regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level through the ceRNA mechanism.
  • Dysregulation of circRNAs as ceRNAs is implicated in various aspects of tumor biology.

Conclusions:

  • circRNAs are vital regulators in the ceRNA network and play multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis.
  • circRNAs' involvement in signal transduction pathways underscores their importance in cellular function.
  • circRNAs hold significant promise as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in oncology.