Adiponectin gene polymorphisms as a predictor for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraqi population

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence is increasing globally and nationally. The etiology of the disease includes environmental and genetic factors. Polymorphism of adiponectin gene was found to be implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM in numerous populations.

A case-control study was conducted to assess the association of rs2241766 and rs822395 SNPs of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) with T2DM in Iraqi population. The study included 400 patients with T2DM and 400 healthy individuals served as a control group. Serum lipid concentrations, insulin level and the index of insulin resistance (HOMA) were measured. The genotyping of ADIPOQ for rs2241766 and rs822395 SNPs was performed by PCR-RFLP.

The genotype distribution of rs2241766 SNP indicated a significant increase of carriers of the homozygous GG (OR: 5.04, CI95%: 2.27-11.19, P: 0.0001) and heterozygous TG (OR: 1.7, CI95%: 1.22-2.39, P: 0.002) variants when compared with those of the wild type, suggesting a risk factor of 2 and 5 to develop the disease. The minor allele frequency (MAF) G was observed to be significantly (P: 0.0001) higher in patients (22%) when compared with the control group (11.74%). Results of rs822395 SNP failed to exhibit a significant difference. Changes of BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and insulin resistance index values in the diabetic patients seemed to be parallel with the presence of MAF of rs2241766 SNP.

The rs2241766T>G SNP of adiponectin gene is a risk factor for the development of T2DM in Iraqi population and directs the changes of serum lipid concentrations as well as insulin resistance.