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Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and duration of the interaction between a drug and its target receptor are characterized by the selectivity and specificity of the drug. Selectivity refers to a drug's strong preference for its intended target over other targets. For instance, isoprenaline, a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, interacts with both β1- and...
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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
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The Missing Response to Selection in the Wild.

Benoit Pujol1, Simon Blanchet2, Anne Charmantier3

  • 1Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; Groupement de Recherche de l'Institut Ecologie et Environnement 6448, Génétique Quantitative dans les Populations Naturelles (GQPN), c/o EDB, 31062 Toulouse, France.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|April 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantitative genetic studies often lack evidence of predicted selection responses in wild populations. This research integrates statistical and biological factors to explain this evolutionary conundrum, aiding wildlife conservation efforts.

Keywords:
evolutionary potentialfitness-related traitsgenetic variationheritabilitymicroevolutionary stasis

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Quantitative genetics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Contemporary directional selection is widely observed in nature.
  • Quantitative genetic studies in wild populations frequently lack evidence of predicted selection responses.
  • Genetic variation and selection pressures are theoretical prerequisites for evolutionary response to selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reasons behind the missing evidence of selection responses in wild populations.
  • To explore the combined effects of statistical and biological mechanisms on evolutionary responses.
  • To provide insights into evolutionary stasis and inform wildlife conservation.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated statistical parameter estimation challenges with biological mechanisms (e.g., genetic constraints, plasticity).
  • Developed a theoretical framework to model the simultaneous action of these factors.
  • Analyzed existing quantitative genetic data from wild populations.

Main Results:

  • Statistical limitations in parameter estimation can obscure detectable selection responses.
  • Biological mechanisms, such as genetic correlations and phenotypic plasticity, can accelerate or constrain evolutionary trajectories.
  • The interplay between statistical and biological factors provides a more comprehensive explanation for the lack of predicted responses.

Conclusions:

  • The absence of predicted selection responses in wild populations is likely due to a complex interplay of statistical and biological factors.
  • Understanding these combined effects is crucial for accurately predicting evolutionary trajectories.
  • This research has significant implications for wildlife conservation and managing populations facing environmental change.