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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Evaluation with a Continuous Performance Test.

Rony Cohen1,2,3, Ayelet Halevy2,4, Sharon Aharon2,4

  • 1Neurofibromatosis Clinic, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.

Journal of Clinical Neurology (Seoul, Korea)
|April 10, 2018
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Summary

The MOXO test shows abnormal scores in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), indicating attention deficits, especially with visual distractors. However, it cannot differentiate NF1 with ADHD from ADHD alone.

Keywords:
MOXOattention deficit hyperactivity disordercontinuous performance testneurofibromatosis type 1

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder.
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Co-occurrence of NF1 and ADHD is frequently observed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of the MOXO continuous performance test in distinguishing patients with NF1 (with or without ADHD characteristics) from controls.
  • To investigate if the MOXO test can differentiate between NF1 and ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • The MOXO visual- and vocal-distractors-based continuous performance test was administered to 35 patients with NF1.
  • Performance was compared to 532 healthy, age-matched control subjects.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to identify group differences and patterns.

Main Results:

  • Patients with NF1 performed significantly worse on the MOXO test compared to controls.
  • The NF1 group showed significantly more failures to respond to targets amidst visual distractors.
  • Impulsivity and hyperactivity were more pronounced in males than females within the NF1 cohort.

Conclusions:

  • MOXO test scores are significantly altered in individuals with NF1.
  • The MOXO test cannot reliably differentiate between NF1 with ADHD characteristics and ADHD alone.
  • Visual distractor overreactivity may contribute to attention deficits in NF1, with notable sex differences in ADHD symptoms.