Osteosarcoma: a comprehensive review

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Orthopedics
• Pathology

Background:

• Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare bone malignancy with a global incidence of 3.4 per million annually.
• Historically, five-year survival rates for OS were notably low throughout most of the 20th century.
• The advent of adjuvant chemotherapy in the 1970s marked a significant turning point, dramatically enhancing patient survival outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of Osteosarcoma (OS).
• To analyze the diverse types of OS, including their clinical and histological characteristics.
• To synthesize current and historical literature on OS diagnosis, staging, and treatment, while exploring future therapeutic avenues.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of historical and current research on Osteosarcoma (OS).
• Analysis of clinical and histological features of various OS subtypes.
• Examination of diagnostic, staging, and treatment methodologies.

Main Results:

• Osteosarcoma (OS) incidence is low but significant globally.
• Chemotherapy advancements have drastically improved OS survival rates since the 1970s.
• A detailed understanding of OS types, clinical presentation, and histology is crucial for effective management.

Conclusions:

• Osteosarcoma (OS) management has evolved significantly, with chemotherapy playing a pivotal role.
• Current literature supports a multi-faceted approach to OS diagnosis and staging.
• Future research directions hold promise for further improving treatment efficacy and patient outcomes in Osteosarcoma (OS).