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Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

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When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

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When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
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Measuring Deformability and Red Cell Heterogeneity in Blood by Ektacytometry
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Red blood cell deformability in multiple myeloma1.

Gregorio Caimi1, Melania Carlisi1, Maria Montana1

  • 1Dipartmento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy.

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation
|April 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Red blood cell deformability is significantly reduced in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, particularly under low shear stress conditions. This finding highlights potential microcirculatory flow issues in MM.

Keywords:
Multiple myelomaerythrocyte deformabilitymicrocirculation

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of plasma cells.
  • Erythrocyte (red blood cell) deformability is crucial for microcirculatory blood flow.
  • Altered erythrocyte properties can impact disease progression and complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate erythrocyte deformability in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).
  • To investigate the relationship between erythrocyte deformability and disease characteristics in MM.
  • To explore potential mechanisms underlying reduced red blood cell flexibility in MM.

Main Methods:

  • Erythrocyte deformability was assessed using the diffractometric method.
  • The elongation index was measured on fasting venous blood samples.
  • A cohort of 29 MM patients was compared to healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in erythrocyte deformability was observed in MM patients compared to controls.
  • The reduction in deformability was more pronounced at low shear stresses.
  • Increased plasma viscosity was noted in MM patients, potentially exacerbating flow issues.

Conclusions:

  • Erythrocyte deformability is impaired in multiple myeloma.
  • Reduced red blood cell flexibility may contribute to microcirculatory disturbances in MM patients.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the clinical implications of altered erythrocyte deformability in MM.