Autophagy during ageing - from Dr Jekyll to Mr Hyde

Autophagy is a ubiquitous catabolic process, which causes cellular bulk degradation through vesicular engulfment of obsolete, damaged or harmful cytoplasmic components. While autophagy regulates cellular homeostasis during development and in youth, there is mounting evidence that autophagy becomes increasingly dysfunctional with age. Recent work in Caenorhabditis elegans even suggests that late-life dysfunctional autophagy exhibits detrimental effects that drive the ageing process. Other studies link elevated autophagy closely to increased health and longevity. This review aims to put these apparently opposing views into perspective and define our current understanding of the role of autophagy during ageing.