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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

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Nucleic acids delivering nucleic acids.

Silvia Catuogno1, Carla Lucia Esposito1, Gerolama Condorelli2

  • 1Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|April 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Nucleic acid therapeutics face delivery challenges. Aptamer-based delivery systems show promise for targeted delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides, enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity.

Keywords:
AptamersTargeted deliveryTherapeutic RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Nucleic acid therapeutics (siRNAs, miRNAs, gRNAs, ASOs) offer novel treatment potential but face systemic delivery hurdles.
  • Current delivery methods are often limited to topical applications or highly vascularized tissues, restricting broader clinical use.
  • Effective strategies for selective tissue delivery are crucial to minimize off-target effects and advance clinical translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in using aptamers as carriers for therapeutic oligonucleotides.
  • To discuss the optimization of aptamer-mediated delivery strategies for enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.
  • To highlight the potential of aptamer-based bioconjugates for overcoming current nucleic acid delivery limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on aptamer-based delivery systems for therapeutic oligonucleotides.
  • Analysis of aptamer properties (ligand affinity, tissue penetration, chemical flexibility) for delivery applications.
  • Evaluation of aptamer-bioconjugate strategies for targeted accumulation and intracellular processing.

Main Results:

  • Aptamers demonstrate potential as effective carriers due to their specific ligand affinity and tissue penetration.
  • Aptamer-based bioconjugates facilitate targeted accumulation in specific tissues.
  • These strategies enhance the processing of therapeutic oligonucleotides within target cells.

Conclusions:

  • Aptamer-mediated delivery represents a powerful approach to improve the efficacy of nucleic acid therapeutics.
  • This strategy significantly reduces overall toxicity by enabling targeted delivery.
  • Further optimization of aptamers as delivery carriers is key for clinical translation of oligonucleotide-based therapies.