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Manipulation of the Periorbital Musculature
Phillip Langsdon1, Nicholas Karter2
1Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tennessee, Germantown, Tennessee.
Abstract:
The resting and expressive states of the periorbital region contribute to perceived age, emotion, gender, race, and countenance. A thorough understanding of the periorbital musculature is essential for comprehensive facial rejuvenation. Surgical and nonsurgical manipulation of these muscles can lead to alterations in brow elevation, resting brow position, and dynamic periorbital rhytids. Both surgical and nonsurgical techniques can produce desired effects, and they are often used concomitantly to obtain optimal results.
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