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Implementation of modified team-based learning within a problem based learning medical curriculum: a focus group

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Team-based learning (TBL) and Problem-based learning (PBL) offer distinct educational experiences in medical curricula. Students perceived TBL as active and collaborative, though PBL allowed for more in-depth clinical reasoning.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Pedagogy in Higher Education

Background:

  • Team-based learning (TBL) is a novel pedagogy in medical education, contrasting with the established Problem-based learning (PBL).
  • Both TBL and PBL employ learner-centered, small-group, peer-assisted learning for authentic problem-solving, grounded in constructivist learning theory.
  • Key differences lie in preparation, group size, learning strategies, and class structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To qualitatively explore medical students' perceptions of transitioning from PBL to TBL formats.
  • To compare student experiences and identify perceived advantages and disadvantages of each learning methodology.

Main Methods:

  • Two iterations of a hybrid PBL curriculum were converted to TBL format, combining PBL groups into larger TBL classes.
  • Fourteen students participated in two focus groups following TBL sessions.
  • Thematic analysis, guided by constructivist theory, was used to analyze qualitative data.

Main Results:

  • Four themes emerged: guided learning, problem-solving, collaborative learning, and critical reflection.
  • Students favored TBL's active, collaborative approach, citing smaller groups, Readiness Assurance Testing, clinician facilitation, basic science focus, and immediate feedback as advantages.
  • TBL's competitiveness motivated preparation and peer learning, but PBL offered superior opportunities for clinical reasoning development.

Conclusions:

  • Student learning experiences in TBL and PBL were qualitatively different, with unique advantages and disadvantages for each.
  • A hybrid approach integrating the strengths of both TBL and PBL is recommended for broader implementation in medical education.