Skin preparation for abdominal surgery

Surgical site infections (SSI) are a public health issue. The purpose of this review is to review the literature on methods of pre-operative skin preparation for the prevention of SSI in abdominal surgery.

In order to obtain the best level of evidence, only meta-analyses and randomized controlled clinical trials were selected from the Cochrane Library and PubMed databases. High-powered non-randomized studies were included when results were not available for the questions asked. The primary endpoint was the rate of SSI within 30 days.

Analysis of the 20 selected studies suggested that hair removal in the operative field is not recommended except when it interferes with surgery; in this case, hair clipping or chemical depilation is recommended and shaving should be banned. For the pre-operative shower, the choice of a detergent product with or without antiseptic does not seem to matter, and there were no published data on the required number of showers or the interval before surgery. Application of an alcohol-based solution to the operative field for cutaneous disinfection is recommended; the products used seem to be equivalent, and there is no need for pre-operative detergent scrubbing. There is no strong evidence to recommend adhesive plastic drapes for clean or contaminated surgery.

Some recommendations on skin preparation before abdominal surgery to reduce the rate of SSI are based on a high level of evidence. Other recommendations such as the number and duration of pre-operative showers or use of adhesive plastic skin drapes are less well supported.