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C-Type Lectin Receptors in Antiviral Immunity and Viral Escape

Marta Bermejo-Jambrina1,2, Julia Eder1, Leanne C Helgers1

  • 1Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 11, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Deadly viruses hijack C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) to evade immune responses. This review explores how viruses like HIV-1 and Dengue virus manipulate CLR function, impacting antiviral defenses and infection outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are crucial pattern recognition receptors mediating innate immunity against pathogens.
  • Viruses, including enveloped viruses like HIV-1 and Dengue virus, interact with CLRs.
  • Viruses have evolved mechanisms to subvert CLR functions, thereby evading host antiviral responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of CLRs in viral infections.
  • To elucidate how viruses exploit CLRs to suppress or modulate critical antiviral pathways, particularly type I interferons.
  • To discuss the impact of CLR-mediated viral uptake and signaling on infection outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on CLR-pathogen interactions in viral infections.
  • Analysis of studies investigating CLR binding to enveloped viruses.
  • Examination of research on viral subversion of CLR-dependent signaling cascades.

Main Results:

  • CLRs are key players in recognizing and initiating immune responses to viruses.
  • Many viruses, such as HIV-1 and Dengue virus, are recognized by specific CLRs.
  • Viruses actively manipulate CLR function to impair type I interferon responses and promote viral spread.

Conclusions:

  • CLR interactions with viruses are critical determinants of infection outcome.
  • Understanding viral subversion of CLRs offers potential targets for antiviral therapies.
  • Targeting CLR-mediated pathways could enhance innate and adaptive immunity against viral pathogens.
Keywords:
C-type lectin receptorsantigen presentationantiviral immunitycomplement opsonized HIV-1type I IFN

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