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Related Concept Videos

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

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Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
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Narcissistic and avoidant personality traits represent two contrasting patterns of behavior that significantly influence social interactions and self-perception. While individuals with narcissistic disorder seek admiration and validation, individuals with avoidant personality disorder withdraw due to fear of judgment.
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Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
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Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations
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[C5 palsy after multi-segmental cervical decompression : How can it be avoided?]

S M Krieg1, B Meyer2

  • 1Neurochirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.

Der Orthopade
|April 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

C5 nerve palsy is a severe complication following cervical spine surgery, with risk factors including male gender, smaller sagittal diameter, anterior approach, and older age. Further research is ongoing to understand its causes and reduce risks.

Keywords:
Cervical vertebraeComplication, postoperativeDisc prolapseParalysisSpinal stenosis

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Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Spinal Surgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and posterior cervical instrumentation are common procedures for cervical disc prolapse and spinal stenosis.
  • While surgical risks are low, C5 nerve root palsy is a significant complication with unclear origins.
  • Reported incidence of C5 palsy ranges from 0% to 30%, averaging 5% in the literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the underlying pathomechanisms of C5 nerve root palsy.
  • To recommend strategies for minimizing the risk of this complication.

Main Methods:

  • An extensive literature search was conducted using the Medline database.

Main Results:

  • Identified potential risk factors for C5 palsy include male gender, a sagittal diameter less than 5.6 mm, anterior surgical approach, and advanced age.
  • Current data is primarily derived from retrospective and anatomical studies.

Conclusions:

  • Existing research on C5 palsy is limited to retrospective and anatomical studies.
  • A prospective registry study is underway to investigate the pathogenesis of C5 palsy.