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Dialysis

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...

Dialysis

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...

Kidney Structure

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a procedure that facilitates the exchange of solutes, waste products, electrolytes, and excess fluid between the blood in the peritoneal capillaries and a dialysis solution introduced into the peritoneal cavity.Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)Diffusion: Waste products such as urea and electrolytes move from high concentrations in the blood to low concentrations in the dialysate across the peritoneal membrane. This mechanism is driven by the concentration...

Peritoneal Dialysis III: Nursing Management

Peritoneal Dialysis III: Nursing Management

Peritoneal dialysis, or PD, utilizes the peritoneal membrane as a filter to eliminate excess fluid and waste products. Effective nursing management is essential for ensuring patient safety, preventing complications, and promoting optimal function of the peritoneal dialysis process.Assessment and MonitoringNurses must thoroughly assess the patient before, during, and after each dialysis session. Regular monitoring includes vital signs, daily weight, fluid intake and output, and laboratory values...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

From portable dialysis to a bioengineered kidney.

Maaike K van Gelder¹, Silvia M Mihaila^1,2, Jitske Jansen²

¹a Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.

Expert Review of Medical Devices

|April 11, 2018

Summary

Major breakthroughs in dialysis are expected, including wearable devices for hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD), and the development of a bioartificial kidney. These innovations aim to improve patient mobility and treatment efficacy.

Keywords:

Bioartificial kidney implantable artificial kidney protein bound uremic toxins renal replacement therapy wearable artificial kidney

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Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

Fabricating a Kidney Cortex Extracellular Matrix-Derived Hydrogel

Fabricating a Kidney Cortex Extracellular Matrix-Derived Hydrogel

Published on: October 13, 2018

Robot-Assisted Kidney Transplantation

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Dialysis principles have remained largely unchanged since the 1970s.
Significant advancements in dialysis technology are anticipated in the coming decades.

Purpose of the Study:

To review upcoming breakthroughs in dialysis, including wearable devices and bioartificial kidneys.
To discuss the potential impact of these innovations on patient care and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

Review of current trends and future projections in dialysis technology.
Analysis of potential applications and challenges for novel dialysis devices and bioartificial kidneys.

Main Results:

Development of wearable and portable hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) devices.
Advancement towards a bioartificial kidney for extracorporeal and potentially intracorporeal treatment.

Conclusions:

Wearable devices promise increased patient mobility and autonomy, while enhancing treatment effectiveness.
Bioartificial kidneys offer potential for partial or full replacement of renal functions, with challenges in cost-effectiveness and water reabsorption for intracorporeal applications.