Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 12, 2026
09:14
A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
Published on: October 28, 2022
1.9K
Diffuse Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis Around the Ankle
Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association
|April 11, 2018
Summary
Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the ankle requires prompt diagnosis and surgical planning. Careful operative approaches can prevent recurrence of this rare joint disorder.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Musculoskeletal Oncology
Background:
- Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare condition affecting the ankle joint.
- Diffuse-type PVNS presents challenges in treatment due to high recurrence rates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present clinical features of PVNS patients around the ankle.
- To review current diagnostic and treatment modalities for PVNS.
Main Methods:
- Surgical treatment of five patients with PVNS around the ankle.
- Follow-up averaging 2.9 years post-surgery.
Main Results:
- Average delay of 6.4 years from pain onset to PVNS diagnosis.
- Arthrotomic tumor resection with medial and lateral approaches used for ankle joint PVNS.
- No recurrences observed after a minimum 2-year follow-up; mild persistent pain in some ankle cases.
Conclusions:
- Delayed diagnosis of PVNS is common due to vague symptoms.
- Suspect PVNS in persistent ankle swelling; accurate evaluation and operative planning are crucial.
- A combined medial and lateral surgical approach ensures complete joint cavity exposure and aids in preventing recurrence.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Ankle Joint
3.0K
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
3.0K
01:12Diffusion
221.8K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
221.8K
01:21Diffusion
6.5K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.5K
01:19Pigmentation
4.4K
The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
4.4K
01:16Facilitated Diffusion
1.3K
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
1.3K
03:48Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion
31.4K
Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
31.4K