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Related Concept Videos

Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:28

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Tubular secretion and reabsorption are two critical processes in the nephron tubule of the kidneys. When the fluid filtered from the glomerulus enters the proximal convoluted tubule, it is referred to as filtrate, and its composition changes due to tubular reabsorption and secretion.
Tubular reabsorption is a selective process that starts when the filtrate enters the proximal tubules. It involves substances traveling through the transcellular route (through the tubule cell and peritubular...
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
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Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:22

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The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...
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Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption01:25

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Tubular reabsorption, a process occurring post-glomerular filtration of drugs in the renal tubule, is a critical determinant of drug half-life. During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. This...
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Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

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Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
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HCMV Assembly Is Totally Tubular.

Shelby M Lyon1, Robert F Kalejta1

  • 1Institute for Molecular Virology and McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Developmental Cell
|April 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The human cytomegalovirus virion assembly compartment functions as a novel microtubule organizing center. This Golgi-derived site nucleates microtubules, crucial for producing infectious viral particles.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Virology
  • Cytoskeletal Dynamics

Background:

  • Microtubules are essential cytoskeletal components typically organized by centrosomes.
  • Alternative microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) can emerge in cellular contexts.
  • The role of viral structures in organizing cellular components like microtubules is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) assembly compartment.
  • To determine if the CMV assembly compartment can act as a microtubule organizing center (MTOC).
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which microtubules are organized at this viral site and their role in viral production.

Main Methods:

  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to visualize microtubules and viral proteins.

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  • Live-cell imaging to observe microtubule dynamics.
  • Analysis of EB3 (a microtubule-associated protein) localization and function.
  • Assessment of viral production under conditions affecting microtubule organization.

    • Main Results:

    • The human cytomegalovirus assembly compartment serves as a dynamic, Golgi-derived MTOC.
    • EB3 is identified as a key protein that nucleates microtubules at this viral MTOC.
    • Microtubule organization by this viral MTOC is essential for efficient infectious virion production.

    Conclusions:

    • The CMV assembly compartment represents a unique, virus-induced MTOC.
    • Microtubule nucleation at the viral assembly site by EB3 is critical for regulating the production of infectious virions.
    • This finding reveals a novel interplay between viral assembly and host cell cytoskeletal organization.