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Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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The volume occupied by one mole of a substance is its molar volume. The ideal gas law, PV = nRT,  suggests that the volume of a given quantity of gas and the number of moles in a given volume of gas vary with changes in pressure and temperature. At standard temperature and pressure, or STP (273.15 K and 1 atm), one mole of an ideal gas (regardless of its identity) has a volume of about 22.4 L — this is referred to as the standard molar volume.
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Carbon materials-functionalized tin dioxide nanoparticles toward robust, high-performance nitrogen dioxide gas

Rui Zhang1, Xiupeng Liu1, Tingting Zhou1

  • 1State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|April 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel carbon-coated tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles for gas sensors. This new material offers enhanced sensitivity and stability for detecting nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at low temperatures.

Keywords:
Core-shell nanospheresGas sensorLow working temperatureNitrogen dioxideSnO(2)/C

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Carbon (C) materials are excellent for gas sensors due to conductivity and carrier mobility.
  • Structural agglomeration in C materials limits resistance change and sensing response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop advanced gas sensor materials overcoming limitations of traditional carbon materials.
  • To synthesize structure-derived carbon-coated tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles with core-shell morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Careful synthesis and fine structural design of SnO2 nanoparticles coated with carbon.
  • Fabrication of a gas sensor using the optimized SnO2/C nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • The SnO2/C sensor showed a 3D net-like structure with uniform nanoparticle size.
  • Achieved low working temperature, excellent selectivity, and fast response-recovery.
  • Demonstrated good long-term stability with consistent NO2 sensitivity over 4 cycles at 140°C.

Conclusions:

  • The unique core-shell structure and synergistic properties of SnO2/C enhance gas-sensing performance.
  • SnO2/C nanoparticles are highly promising for developing advanced gas sensors.
  • The developed material addresses key challenges in current gas sensing technology.