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Electrical Stimulation in Hippocampus and Entorhinal Cortex Impairs Spatial and Temporal Memory.

Abhinav Goyal1, Jonathan Miller1, Andrew J Watrous1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|April 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) causally organizes episodic memory in time and space. MTL stimulation disrupted temporal recall order and spatial memory near boundaries.

Keywords:
brain stimulationentorhinal cortexepisodic memoryhippocampusmedial temporal lobespatiotemporal memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurobiology

Background:

  • The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is crucial for episodic memory and navigation.
  • Its exact role in organizing memory across time and space is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific cognitive processes of MTL structures (hippocampus, entorhinal cortex) in memory organization.
  • To establish causal links between MTL function and memory organization using electrical brain stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Electrical brain stimulation was applied to neurosurgical patients during spatial navigation and verbal episodic memory tasks.
  • Behavioral performance was assessed during stimulation to observe effects on memory encoding and recall.
  • Stimulation effects were analyzed for specificity to the MTL.

Main Results:

  • MTL stimulation disrupted the temporal organization of verbal memories, leading to more randomized recall.
  • Spatial memory was impaired, particularly for items located far from boundaries, during MTL stimulation.
  • These observed effects were specific to the MTL, indicating its unique role.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first causal evidence in humans for the MTL's role in organizing the temporal and spatial aspects of episodic memory.
  • Electrical brain stimulation offers high temporal precision to reveal real-time cognitive functions of brain regions like the MTL.