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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
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The kinetic molecular theory qualitatively explains the behaviors described by the various gas laws. The postulates of this theory may be applied in a more quantitative fashion to derive these individual laws.
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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
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The ideal-gas equation, which is empirical, describes the behavior of gases by establishing relationships between their macroscopic properties. For example, Charles’ law states that volume and temperature are directly related. Gases, therefore, expand when heated at constant pressure. Although gas laws explain how the macroscopic properties change relative to one another, it does not explain the rationale behind it.
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Molecular Kinetic Energy01:21

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The word "gas" comes from the Flemish word meaning "chaos," first used to describe vapors by the chemist J. B. van Helmont. Consider a container filled with gas, with a continuous and random motion of molecules. During collisions, the velocity component parallel to the wall is unchanged, and the component perpendicular to the wall reverses direction but does not change in magnitude. If the molecule’s velocity changes in the x-direction, then its momentum is changed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Biomolecules Using EBL Fabricated Nanostructured Substrates
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Surface-Enhanced Molecular Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy.

Andrea Konečná1, Tomáš Neuman1, Javier Aizpurua1,2

  • 1Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU , Donostia-San Sebastián , 20018 , Spain.

ACS Nano
|April 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Surface-enhanced electron energy loss spectroscopy (SE-EELS) in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) reveals nanoscale optical and vibrational properties. This technique enhances molecular characterization on nanoantennas, offering damage-free sensing capabilities.

Keywords:
Fano resonanceselectron energy loss spectroscopyplasmonic antennasstrong couplingsurface-enhanced spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscale spectroscopy
  • Materials science
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is crucial for characterizing nanoscale optical and vibrational properties.
  • EELS is vital for understanding localized polaritonic excitations in nanoantennas and molecular excitations in nanoconfined systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically describe the interaction between electron beams and molecule-covered polaritonic nanoantennas.
  • To propose and investigate surface-enhanced molecular EELS by exploiting electromagnetic coupling.
  • To explore the potential of EELS in STEM for studying molecular interactions with nanostructures.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of localized electron beam interaction with nanoantennas and molecular layers.
  • Simulation of plasmonic and infrared phononic antennas with excitonic or vibrational responses.
  • Analysis of EEL spectra for Fano-like and strong coupling features.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated Fano-like and strong coupling features in EEL spectra of coupled molecule-antenna systems.
  • Showcased the ability of EELS to provide nanoscale spatial resolution and controlled antenna-molecule coupling.
  • Identified potential for EELS in STEM to study molecules on nanostructures supporting localized plasmon or phonon polaritons.

Conclusions:

  • Surface-enhanced EELS in STEM is a promising technique for nanoscale spectral characterization.
  • This method offers advantages for studying molecular excitations and interactions with nanostructures.
  • Future applications include remote, damage-free sensing of molecular, quantum dot, and 2D material responses.