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Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

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The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
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Overview
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Action Potential01:31

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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
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Action Potential01:14

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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
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Cardiac Action Potential01:30

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Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
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Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation01:28

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The action potential is a complex electrical event that occurs in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. It consists of several distinct phases, each with specific characteristics.
Resting Phase:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Interfacing Microfluidics with Microelectrode Arrays for Studying Neuronal Communication and Axonal Signal Propagation
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Action potential propagation recorded from single axonal arbors using multielectrode arrays.

Kenneth R Tovar1, Daniel C Bridges1,2, Bian Wu1

  • 1Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California , Santa Barbara, California.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|April 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

We identified action potential propagation in single axons using multielectrode arrays. This method reveals neuronal firing patterns and axonal excitability changes over time, offering new insights into neural communication.

Keywords:
action potentialaxonaldevelopmentpropagationspike sorting

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Electrophysiology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Extracellular action potentials (eAPs) are crucial for neuronal communication.
  • Multielectrode arrays (MEAs) allow for the recording of neural activity.
  • Understanding action potential propagation in axons is fundamental to neuroscience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate action potential propagation in single axons using low-density MEAs.
  • To develop a method for unambiguously identifying neuronal sources of eAPs.
  • To explore axonal excitability and sodium channel distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cultured mouse hippocampal neurons and planar MEAs.
  • Analyzed co-occurring eAPs across electrode groups to identify propagation patterns.
  • Explored temperature sensitivity and voltage-gated sodium channel density effects on propagation velocity.
  • Monitored changes in axonal excitability over hours and weeks.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that repeated eAP co-occurrences can identify single neurons and their axonal arbors.
  • Revealed independent regulation of excitability in different axonal segments.
  • Found a high density of axonal voltage-gated sodium channels, indicating a high propagation safety factor.
  • Showcased the ability to track changes in axonal excitability over extended periods.

Conclusions:

  • Repeated eAP co-occurrences provide a robust method for analyzing single-axon physiology with low-density MEAs.
  • Axonal segments exhibit independent regulation of excitability.
  • High sodium channel density ensures reliable action potential propagation.