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Association between race/skin color and premature birth: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Kelly Albuquerque de Oliveira1, Edna Maria de Araújo2, Keyte Albuquerque de Oliveira3

  • 1Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil.

Revista De Saude Publica
|April 12, 2018
PubMed

Insights

This meta-analysis found a higher risk of prematurity associated with race and skin color. The findings highlight potential disparities in preterm birth outcomes based on these factors.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Perinatal Research

Background:

  • Prematurity is a significant global health concern with multifactorial causes.
  • Existing research suggests potential disparities in preterm birth rates across different racial and ethnic groups.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze and synthesize evidence on the association between race/skin color and the occurrence of prematurity.
  • To quantify the risk of prematurity in relation to race/skin color using meta-analytic techniques.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies published between 2010 and 2014.
  • Studies were identified from Medline and Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde using specific keywords related to race, ethnicity, and prematurity.
  • Relative risk and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects model; publication bias was assessed using Egger's test.

Main Results:

  • Out of 926 identified articles, 17 observational studies met the inclusion criteria.
  • The majority of studies reported a positive association between race/skin color and prematurity.
  • The pooled relative risk for prematurity was 1.51 (95% CI 1.39–1.69) compared to full-term births.

Conclusions:

  • A significant positive association exists between race/skin color and the risk of prematurity.
  • These findings underscore the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms and for culturally sensitive interventions to address disparities in preterm birth.
Abstract

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