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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
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Sickle Cell Anemia and Its Phenotypes.

Thomas N Williams1,2, Swee Lay Thein3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Demography, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.

Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
|April 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) research has advanced, with new genomic and drug therapies offering hope. Treatments like gene therapy and stem cell transplants are improving outcomes for SCA patients globally.

Keywords:
Africagenetic modifiersgeneticsgenomicssickle cell anemia

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Genetics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sickle cell anemia (SCA) research has a century-long history.
  • Translating molecular discoveries into effective treatments has been slow.
  • Recent advances offer new hope for SCA patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in SCA treatment and prevention.
  • To highlight progress in understanding hemoglobin switching and gene regulation.
  • To discuss the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying hemoglobin production.
  • Evaluation of emerging therapeutic approaches including gene therapy and drug development.

Main Results:

  • Detailed understanding of fetal to adult hemoglobin switch and BCL11A regulation.
  • Development of genomic-based strategies for hemoglobin F reactivation.
  • Numerous new drugs for SCA treatment and organ damage prevention in clinical trials.
  • Improving outcomes for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
  • Advancements in gene therapy, including lentiviral vectors and gene editing, entering clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress in SCA research and treatment development.
  • Genomic and gene therapy approaches show promise for curative treatments.
  • Increased attention and improved outlook for SCA patients in Africa and India.