Common and Dissociable Neural Activity After Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Relaxation Response Programs
Gunes Sevinc1, Britta K Hölzel, Javeria Hashmi
1From the Department of Psychiatry (Sevinc, Hölzel, Greenberg, McCallister, Schneider, Lazar), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar (Hölzel), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine (Hashmi), Dalhousie University, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (McCallister), Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, Massachusetts; Department of Psychology (Treadway), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Kripalu Center for Yoga and Health (Dusek), Stockbridge; Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine (Dusek), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and University of Massachusetts Medical School (Carmody), Worcester, Massachusetts.
This study compared Relaxation Response (RR) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programs. Both reduced stress, but RR enhanced brain control networks, while MBSR improved self-awareness and emotional regulation.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
- Mind-Body Medicine
Background:
- Stress reduction programs like Relaxation Response (RR) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) are widely used.
- Understanding their distinct neural and psychological underpinnings is crucial for targeted therapeutic applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the common and dissociable neural and psychological correlates of RR and MBSR programs.
- To compare the effects of RR and MBSR, which utilize bodyscan meditation with different emphases (physical relaxation vs. mindful awareness).
Main Methods:
- Randomized controlled trial comparing RR (n=18) and MBSR (n=16) programs.
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess neural activity during bodyscan meditation post-intervention.
- Psychological outcomes including stress, self-compassion, and rumination were measured.
Main Results:
- Both RR and MBSR significantly reduced stress levels.
- Functional connectivity analyses revealed overlapping patterns between ventromedial prefrontal and supplementary motor areas for both programs.
- RR showed stronger connectivity between the right inferior frontal gyrus and supplementary motor areas, linked to intentional inhibition.
- MBSR uniquely improved self-compassion and reduced rumination, with bodyscan meditation showing increased functional connectivity of the right anterior insula with the pregenual anterior cingulate.
Conclusions:
- Bodyscan meditation in RR and MBSR elicits both shared and distinct neural functional coupling patterns.
- These differential patterns align with the theoretical foundations of each program.
- Findings suggest potential for tailored application of RR and MBSR in treating diverse psychological conditions.
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