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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Random or indeterminate errors originate from various uncontrollable variables, such as variations in environmental conditions, instrument imperfections, or the inherent variability of the phenomena being measured. Usually, these errors cannot be predicted, estimated, or characterized because their direction and magnitude often vary in magnitude and direction even during consecutive measurements. As a result, they are difficult to eliminate. However, the aggregate effect of these errors can be...
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The margin of error is also called the maximum error of an estimate. The margin of error is the maximum possible or expected difference between the observed sample parameter value and the actual population parameter value. For proportion, it is the maximum difference between the value of sample proportion obtained from the data and the true value of population proportion. As the true value of the population parameter is not known, the margin of error is calculated using the sample statistic.
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The sampling variability of a statistic is defined as how much the statistic varies from one sample to another. The sampling variability of a statistic is typically measured by measuring its standard error.
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Effective sample preparation is crucial for accurate and reliable laboratory analysis. During this process, two significant sources of error can arise: concentration bias from improper sample splitting and contamination caused by methods used to reduce particle size, such as grinding or homogenization. Identifying and minimizing these potential errors is crucial to ensuring the validity of the analysis.
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Lower limb immobilization device induced small setup errors in the radiotherapy.

Yuting Lu1, Xinye Ni, Jingping Yu

  • 1Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.

Medicine
|April 12, 2018
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Summary
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A novel lower limb immobilization device was designed for radiotherapy, demonstrating satisfactory accuracy and repeatability in patient positioning. This innovation helps minimize setup errors during lower limb radiation treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Physics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate patient positioning is crucial for effective radiotherapy.
  • Lower limb immobilization devices are essential for ensuring consistent treatment delivery.
  • Existing devices may have limitations in terms of accuracy, comfort, or cost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and develop an in-house lower limb immobilization device for radiotherapy.
  • To evaluate the clinical application and positional accuracy of the designed device.
  • To assess the setup errors and repeatability of the immobilization system.

Main Methods:

  • A custom lower limb immobilization device was designed and manufactured.
  • 38 patients undergoing lower limb radiotherapy were enrolled.
  • Setup errors were analyzed by comparing portal images with simulator films or digital reconstructed radiographs (DRRs).
  • Positional accuracy was assessed using anteroposterior and lateral portal images.

Main Results:

  • The designed device demonstrated relatively small setup errors in clinical application.
  • Significant differences were found in setup errors between the head-foot direction and other directions (P < .05).
  • No significant differences were observed in setup errors between the left-right and anterior-posterior directions (P > .05).
  • The device exhibited satisfactory accuracy and repeatability.

Conclusions:

  • The in-house designed lower limb immobilization device is effective for radiotherapy.
  • The device allows for precise patient positioning, minimizing setup errors.
  • This immobilization system offers a viable solution for accurate lower limb radiation therapy.