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Published on: July 17, 2021
Baculovirus PTP2 Functions as a Pro-Apoptotic Protein
Yue Han1, Stineke van Houte2, Monique M van Oers3
1Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. yue.han@wur.nl.
The Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (PTP2) induces apoptosis in host cells. Deleting the PTP2 gene reduced viral occlusion body yield, suggesting PTP2 aids virus replication through immune suppression.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Insect Pathology
Background:
- Baculoviruses, such as SeMNPV, infect Lepidoptera, causing physiological and immunological changes in hosts like *Spodoptera exigua*.
- Understanding baculovirus-host interactions is crucial for insect pest control and viral transmission dynamics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of SeMNPV-encoded protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (PTP2) in apoptosis induction and its impact on viral replication and virulence.
- To determine if PTP2's phosphatase activity is essential for inducing apoptosis.
Main Methods:
- Transient expression of wild-type and mutant *ptp2* genes in *Spodoptera frugiperda* (Sf) 21 cells.
- Assessing apoptosis induction via caspase levels and caspase inhibitor treatment.
- Generating a *ptp2* deletion mutant of SeMNPV for infection studies in *S. exigua* larvae.
- Quantifying viral titer, virulence indices, and viral occlusion body yield.
Main Results:
- Transient expression of SeMNPV PTP2 induced apoptosis in Sf 21 cells, dependent on its phosphatase activity.
- Deletion of the *ptp2* gene abolished apoptosis induction in *S. exigua* hemocytes.
- Virus titer and virulence were unaffected by *ptp2* deletion.
- Viral occlusion body yield was significantly reduced in larvae infected with the *ptp2* deletion mutant.
Conclusions:
- SeMNPV PTP2 possesses pro-apoptotic activity, mediated by its phosphatase function.
- PTP2 likely contributes to enhanced viral occlusion body production through immune suppression in *S. exigua* larvae.
- PTP2 is a key viral factor influencing baculovirus replication efficiency within the host.
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