Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Internal and External Forces01:12

Internal and External Forces

16.4K
Newton's first law states that a net external force causes a change in motion. External forces act on an object or system, originating outside of the object or system. In contrast, internal forces originate inside the system of interest and do not lead to any acceleration. In simpler words, internal forces are forces that act on one part of an object and are exerted by another part of the same object. External forces are forces that act on an object due to some other object. Therefore, when...
16.4K
External and Internal Respiration01:24

External and Internal Respiration

7.8K
External respiration occurs in the lungs, and it is the first step in the journey of oxygen inside the body. When we inhale, oxygen enters our lungs and diffuses across the thin alveolar membrane. The alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs that provide a vast surface area for gas exchange. Oxygen in the alveoli has a higher partial pressure (105 mmHg) than in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries (40 mmHg), establishing a pressure gradient. As a result, oxygen molecules move from the alveoli into the...
7.8K
Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

6.9K
Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
6.9K
Internal Energy02:00

Internal Energy

36.9K
The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial.
36.9K
Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

74.7K
Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
74.7K
Weighted Mean00:57

Weighted Mean

6.5K
While taking the arithmetic, geometric, or harmonic mean of a sample data set, equal importance is assigned to all the data points. However, all the values may not always be equally important in some data sets. An intrinsic bias might make it more important to give more weightage to specific values over others.
For example, consider the number of goals scored in the matches of a tournament. While computing the average number of goals scored in the tournament, it may be more important to...
6.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Response to: Comment on "Plasma-based low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction explain a small but significant proportion of the association between the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases: The Maastricht Study".

Journal of clinical lipidology·2026
Same author

The association between ethnicity, socioeconomic position and outcomes following initiation of methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

EULAR rheumatology open·2026
Same author

Adherence to Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns and Risk of Depression Symptoms and Anxiety Disorder: The Maastricht Cohort Study.

The American journal of clinical nutrition·2026
Same author

The association between ethnicity, socioeconomic position and outcomes following initiation of TNF inhibitors in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from the UK JIA Biologics Register.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Comprehensive genome-wide association study into multiple recurrence and progression risk in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Cancer genetics·2026
Same author

Plasma-based low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction explain a small but significant proportion of the association between the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases: The Maastricht Study.

Journal of clinical lipidology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning
06:20

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

Published on: October 15, 2021

4.3K

The Association of Intrapair Birth-Weight Differences With Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems.

Elena C Tore1, Evangelia E Antoniou1, Keith Reed2

  • 1Department of Complex Genetics,Care and Public Health Research Institute (School CAPHRI),Maastricht University,Maastricht,the Netherlands.

Twin Research and Human Genetics : the Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies
|April 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Larger birth weight differences in identical twins correlate with increased behavioral problems, suggesting prenatal environmental factors impact child development. Smaller twins face higher risks for later behavioral issues.

Keywords:
birth-weight discordancechild behavior checklistintrauterine environmentproblem behaviortwins

More Related Videos

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

13.6K
Measuring Associative Learning in Chemotaxis of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
09:53

Measuring Associative Learning in Chemotaxis of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 17, 2025

660

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning
06:20

Drosophila Passive Avoidance Behavior as a New Paradigm to Study Associative Aversive Learning

Published on: October 15, 2021

4.3K
A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

13.6K
Measuring Associative Learning in Chemotaxis of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
09:53

Measuring Associative Learning in Chemotaxis of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 17, 2025

660

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Problem behaviors in children are a significant public health concern.
  • Twin studies indicate both genetic and environmental influences on behavior.
  • Analyzing birth weight differences can isolate non-shared prenatal environmental effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between birth weight discordance and behavioral differences in twins.
  • To identify specific prenatal environmental contributions to child behavior problems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Twins and Multiple Births Association Heritability Study.
  • Included 960 twins (480 pairs) aged 18 months to 5 years.
  • Employed multiple linear regressions to analyze birth weight difference against Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between birth weight difference and total problems, internalizing problems, and emotional reactivity in monozygotic (MZ) twins.
  • No significant results were observed in dizygotic (DZ) twins or combined groups.
  • Increased birth weight difference correlated with greater behavioral differences, with smaller twins at higher risk.

Conclusions:

  • Suggests a causal link between birth weight and behavioral development.
  • Highlights the role of non-shared prenatal environmental factors in shaping behavior.
  • Identifies smaller birth weight as a risk factor for behavior problems.