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Genome evolution across 1,011 Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates.

Jackson Peter1, Matteo De Chiara2, Anne Friedrich1

  • 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR 7156, Strasbourg, France.

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|April 13, 2018
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Summary

This study sequenced 1,011 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) genomes, revealing their evolutionary history and genetic variants. Key findings include an Asian origin, domestication events, and the impact of genetic changes on yeast traits.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Population genomic surveys are crucial for understanding phenotypic diversity in natural populations.
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as a model organism for studying yeast evolution and variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform whole-genome sequencing and phenotyping of 1,011 Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates.
  • To elucidate the evolutionary history and genomic variants shaping the phenotypic landscape of S. cerevisiae.
  • To provide a resource for future population genomics and genotype-phenotype studies.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing of 1,011 Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates.
  • Phenotyping of the sequenced isolates.
  • Genomic analyses including variant identification and association studies.

Main Results:

  • Genomic analyses support a single 'out-of-China' origin for S. cerevisiae, followed by multiple domestication events.
  • Domesticated isolates show high variation in ploidy, aneuploidy, and genome content, while wild isolates evolve mainly through single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
  • Extensive loss of heterozygosity is a common feature, contributing to inter-individual variation. Copy-number changes have a larger phenotypic effect than SNPs.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides an accurate evolutionary picture of genomic variants influencing S. cerevisiae phenotypes.
  • This comprehensive dataset serves as a valuable resource for advancing population genomics and genotype-phenotype research in this model yeast.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic diversity in S. cerevisiae has implications for both fundamental research and applied microbiology.