Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

2.0K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.0K
Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

30.2K

Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
30.2K
Potential Energy00:52

Potential Energy

42.9K
The energy stored by a structure and location of matter in space is called potential energy. For instance, raising a kettlebell changes its spatial location and increases its potential energy. Similarly, a stretched rubber band contains potential energy which, under certain conditions, can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy.
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...
42.9K
Potential Energy01:09

Potential Energy

1.0K
A conservative force, such as a gravitational or elastic force, gives the body the capacity to do work. This capacity, measured as the potential energy, depends on the body's location or “position” relative to a fixed reference position or datum. The gravitational potential energy is considered zero at the reference point. Suppose a body is located at some vertical distance above a fixed horizontal reference or datum. In that case, the weight of the body has positive gravitational potential...
1.0K
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

1.2K
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
1.2K
Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

50.5K
On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
50.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Most Effective Interventions for Enhancing Neural Plasticity for Functional Recovery in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Journal of surgery and research·2026
Same author

Cost-efficient and Accurate Risk Assessment Instruments in Type 2 Diabetics with Greatest Risk for Cardiovascular Disease.

Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

Shifting Career Landscapes: Analyzing the Fall in Physician-Owned Practices.

Archives of clinical and medical case reports·2026
Same author

Erratum: Environmental Influences on Atopic Eczema.

Journal of environmental science and public health·2026
Same author

Testosterone and Cardiovascular Health: Physiology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Implications.

Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

Acute Allergic Reactions and Severe Anaphylaxis: Underlying Causes, Management Strategies, and Future Directions.

Archives of internal medicine research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
03:55

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

1.0K

Immunotherapy Plus Cryotherapy: Potential Augmented Abscopal Effect for Advanced Cancers.

Joe Abdo1, David L Cornell1,2, Sumeet K Mittal1,3

  • 1Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States.

Frontiers in Oncology
|April 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Combining checkpoint inhibitors with cryosurgery may enhance cancer treatment. This approach primes the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells throughout the body, potentially improving outcomes.

Keywords:
abscopal effectanti-CTLA-4anti-PD1autoinoculationcancer immunitycryoablationimmunotherapyself-antigens

More Related Videos

Orthotopic Implantation of Patient-Derived Cancer Cells in Mice Recapitulates Advanced Colorectal Cancer
06:49

Orthotopic Implantation of Patient-Derived Cancer Cells in Mice Recapitulates Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.8K
A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance
05:19

A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance

Published on: November 7, 2025

878

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
03:55

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

1.0K
Orthotopic Implantation of Patient-Derived Cancer Cells in Mice Recapitulates Advanced Colorectal Cancer
06:49

Orthotopic Implantation of Patient-Derived Cancer Cells in Mice Recapitulates Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.8K
A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance
05:19

A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance

Published on: November 7, 2025

878

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Traditional cancer treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation can impair the immune system.
  • Cryosurgery releases tumor antigens, similar to vaccination, but may not overcome cancer's immune evasion strategies.
  • Immune checkpoints, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, can be exploited by cancers to avoid immune detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel cancer treatment strategy combining immune checkpoint blockade with cryosurgery.
  • To investigate the potential for enhanced immune responses against cancer through this combined approach.
  • To explore the mechanism by which this combination therapy may induce a systemic anti-tumor effect.

Main Methods:

  • Preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of CTLA-4 and PD-1 antagonists.
  • Proposed combination of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy administered prior to cryosurgery.
  • Leveraging cryoablated tumor antigens for immune system sensitization.

Main Results:

  • Combination immunotherapy followed by cryosurgery may lead to a more targeted immune response to distant tumors (abscopal effect).
  • Priming the immune system with checkpoint inhibitors before cryosurgery could result in a robust cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell response.
  • This approach aims to create a polyvalent autoinoculation of tumor antigens, enhancing the immune system's ability to locate and destroy cancer cells.

Conclusions:

  • Combined anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 therapy followed by cryosurgery represents a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
  • This approach may overcome immune evasion mechanisms and induce a systemic anti-tumor immune response.
  • The proposed method has the potential to significantly improve the host's ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells throughout the body.