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High-Performance Sodium Metal Anodes Enabled by a Bifunctional Potassium Salt
Qiuwei Shi1,2, Yiren Zhong1, Min Wu1
1Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 810 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 13, 2018
Summary
Researchers developed a new electrolyte additive, potassium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (KTFSI), to stabilize sodium metal anodes. This innovation enables deep cycling of sodium metal batteries, overcoming key challenges for practical applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Storage
Background:
- Rechargeable sodium metal batteries offer high theoretical energy density and low cost.
- Key challenges include sodium metal anode's reactivity with electrolytes and dendrite formation, limiting cycle life.
- Stable sodium metal anodes are crucial for practical battery applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a bifunctional electrolyte additive for stabilizing sodium metal anodes.
- To enhance the efficiency and longevity of rechargeable sodium metal batteries.
Main Methods:
- Introduction of potassium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (KTFSI) as a novel electrolyte additive.
- Investigating the decomposition products of TFSI- anions and the adsorption behavior of K+ cations.
- Evaluating the performance of sodium metal electrodes with the additive under deep cycling conditions.
Main Results:
- TFSI- anions decompose to form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer composed of lithium nitride and oxynitrides.
- K+ cations preferentially adsorb on sodium protrusions, providing electrostatic shielding to suppress dendrite growth.
- Achieved deep cycling of sodium metal electrodes at 10 mAh cm-2 for hundreds of hours.
Conclusions:
- KTFSI acts as a bifunctional additive, synergistically stabilizing sodium metal anodes through SEI formation and cation shielding.
- The developed strategy significantly improves the reversibility and cycle life of sodium metal electrodes.
- This advancement paves the way for practical, high-performance rechargeable sodium metal batteries.
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