Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is Evolutionary History?02:35

What is Evolutionary History?

43.7K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
43.7K
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

5.9K
Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
5.9K
Evolutionary Psychology01:20

Evolutionary Psychology

1.0K
Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
1.0K
Divergence and Curl01:15

Divergence and Curl

3.3K
The divergence of a vector field at a point is the net outward flow of the flux out of a small volume through a closed surface enclosing the volume, as the volume tends to zero. More practically, divergence measures how much a vector field spreads out or diverges from a given point. For an outgoing flux, conventionally, the divergence is positive. The diverging point is often called the "source" of the field. Meanwhile, the negative divergence of a vector field at a point means that the vector...
3.3K
Divergence and Stokes' Theorems01:06

Divergence and Stokes' Theorems

3.8K
The divergence and Stokes' theorems are a variation of Green's theorem in a higher dimension. They are also a generalization of the fundamental theorem of calculus. The divergence theorem and Stokes' theorem are in a way similar to each other; The divergence theorem relates to the dot product of a vector, while Stokes' theorem relates to the curl of a vector. Many applications in physics and engineering make use of the divergence and Stokes' theorems, enabling us to write...
3.8K
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

8.0K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of treatment discontinuation among patients with microsatellite instability or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

ESMO open·2026
Same author

Clinical and genomic characterization of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with lung oligometastasis.

ESMO gastrointestinal oncology·2026
Same author

Claudin 18.2 expression in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: biomarker overlap and association with clinical outcomes in a European cohort.

ESMO open·2026
Same author

Genomic actionability and matched targeted therapy in a decade-long institutional precision medicine program for solid tumors.

ESMO open·2025
Same author

Efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy in PD1-high mRNA tumors across multiple cancer types: results from cohort 1 and cohort 2 of the phase II SOLTI-1904 ACROPOLI trial.

ESMO open·2025
Same author

Integrated clinico-molecular analysis of gastric cancer in European and Latin American populations: LEGACY project.

ESMO open·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

2.3K

Early evolutionary divergence between papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancers.

J Capdevila1, R Mayor1, F M Mancuso1

  • 1Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona.

Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology
|April 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) diverge early and evolve independently, challenging the notion of ATC progression from PTC. This finding aids in understanding thyroid cancer subtypes and their clinical management.

More Related Videos

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

21.7K
Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
04:01

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: September 15, 2023

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

2.3K
An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

21.7K
Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
04:01

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: September 15, 2023

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has a good prognosis, while anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is aggressive and treatment-resistant.
  • A prevailing hypothesis suggests ATC develops from PTC through accumulating genomic alterations.
  • Clinical behaviors of PTC and ATC are markedly different, creating a discrepancy with the proposed developmental model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between PTC and ATC.
  • To address the disconnect between the clinical behaviors and the proposed developmental model of ATC from PTC.

Main Methods:

  • Exome sequencing of 14 ATC and matched normal DNA, including three concomitant ATC and PTC cases.
  • Validation of sequencing results using droplet digital PCR.
  • Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and integration with TCGA data.

Main Results:

  • Somatic mutations in concomitant ATC and PTC components were largely distinct.
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed short trunks and long branches in somatic mutation trees.
  • ATC frequently harbors mutations with high cancer cell fraction, differing significantly from PTC mutations.

Conclusions:

  • Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) diverge early in tumor development and evolve independently.
  • This study clarifies the relationship between ATC and PTC.
  • Findings facilitate improved clinical management of these thyroid malignancies.