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Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

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Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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CHLOROGENIC ACID: A PHARMACOLOGICALLY POTENT MOLECULE.

Aneela Maalik, Syed Majid Bukhari, Asma Zaidi

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    Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol in fruits and vegetables, exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review summarizes recent research on CGA, highlighting its therapeutic potential and future research directions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Phytochemistry
    • Pharmacology
    • Natural Products

    Background:

    • Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol abundant in fruits and vegetables.
    • CGA is a key component in Traditional Chinese Medicines.
    • It possesses diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and summarize the scientific literature on Chlorogenic acid (CGA) published in the last decade.
    • To consolidate current knowledge regarding CGA's pharmacological activities and applications.
    • To identify and suggest future research perspectives in the field of CGA.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive literature search of scientific databases.
    • Systematic review and synthesis of research findings.
    • Analysis of studies focusing on CGA's properties and biological effects.

    Main Results:

    • Extensive documentation of CGA's antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities.
    • Identification of CGA's presence and significance in various natural sources and traditional medicine.
    • Highlighting of emerging research trends and applications of CGA.

    Conclusions:

    • Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a versatile natural compound with significant therapeutic potential.
    • Continued research is warranted to fully elucidate CGA's mechanisms of action and optimize its applications.
    • Future studies should focus on clinical trials and novel delivery systems for CGA.