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Related Experiment Video

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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

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Published on: May 7, 2014

Ethnoracial differences in brain structure change and cognitive change.

Brandon E Gavett¹, Evan Fletcher², Danielle Harvey³

¹Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs.

Neuropsychology

|April 13, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Brain changes impact cognitive decline differently across racial and ethnic groups. Gray matter changes and white matter hyperintensities are key factors, varying in influence by race.

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Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

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Published on: May 23, 2011

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Cognitive Neuroscience
Gerontology

Background:

Cognitive decline in older adults is a significant public health concern.
Understanding the interplay between brain structure and cognitive function is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
Existing research often lacks diversity, limiting generalizability across different ethnoracial groups.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate longitudinal associations between structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures and cognitive changes in a diverse cohort of older adults.
To determine if brain-cognition relationships differ across White, African American, and Hispanic participants.
To identify specific neuroimaging markers predicting cognitive decline within different ethnoracial groups.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal study of 444 older adults (diverse ethnoracial background) with an average of 5.3 annual visits.
Utilized MRI to assess gray matter volume (baseline and change) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes (baseline).
Employed multilevel latent variable modeling to analyze associations between brain measures and cognitive change, testing for ethnoracial differences.

Main Results:

Global gray matter change significantly predicted cognitive decline in White and African American individuals.
Specific temporal lobe changes provided additional predictive value for cognitive decline in White participants.
Baseline white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume was the primary predictor of cognitive decline in Hispanic individuals and contributed incrementally in Whites.

Conclusions:

Significant ethnoracial differences exist in how brain structural changes relate to cognitive decline.
The influence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be more pronounced in White individuals.
Global gray matter change and WMH are critical, yet differentially weighted, factors in cognitive decline among diverse older adults, highlighting the need for personalized approaches.