Oval Window Size and Shape: a Micro-CT Anatomical Study With Considerations for Stapes Surgery.

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Surgical Innovation
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• The oval window is crucial for stapes surgeries like stapedotomy for otosclerosis.
• Oval window niche height can predict surgical difficulty and patient discomfort.
• Understanding oval window size and shape is vital for graft compatibility in otosclerosis treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze oval window size and shape across different age groups, sexes, and ear sides.
• To compare morphometric parameters using micro-computed tomography and geometric morphometrics.
• To establish normative data for oval window anatomy relevant to surgical interventions.

Main Methods:

• Micro-computed tomography was used to assess oval window dimensions.
• Modern morphometric and geometric morphometric techniques were applied.
• Data were analyzed across fetal, infant, child, and adult populations, comparing sexes and ear sides.

Main Results:

• Traditional morphometrics showed no significant differences in size or shape based on age, sex, or side.
• Geometric morphometrics identified significant shape variations among different age groups.
• The study determined the average oval window shape and its variance.

Conclusions:

• Oval window size and shape exhibit variations, particularly in shape across age groups.
• These findings help identify patients with anatomical variations that may complicate surgery.
• Preoperative assessment of oval window anatomy can guide surgical adaptations and material selection.