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Autophoretic motion in three dimensions.

Maciej Lisicki1, Shang Yik Reigh, Eric Lauga

  • 1Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK. m.lisicki@damtp.cam.ac.uk e.lauga@damtp.cam.ac.uk.

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Summary
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Researchers theoretically demonstrate that Janus particles can achieve controlled 3D motion. By tuning surface properties, helical trajectories with adjustable pitch and radius are possible for these active matter systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Active Matter Physics
  • Soft Matter Science
  • Theoretical Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Janus particles are model systems for active matter, exhibiting phoretic motion in self-generated chemical gradients.
  • Their typical motion involves straight paths with rotational diffusion as the primary reorientation mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the induction of arbitrary three-dimensional translational and rotational motion in Janus particles.
  • To demonstrate control over helical trajectory parameters like pitch and radius through surface property manipulation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical framework based on classical axisymmetric self-phoretic motion.
  • Calculation of general three-dimensional motion for arbitrary spherical particle surface coverage.
  • Introduction of a simplified patch model for practical design guidance.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration that tailored surface coverage of activity and mobility induces arbitrary 3D motion.
  • Prediction of helical trajectories where pitch and radius are controllable via velocity vector alignment.
  • Validation of theoretical predictions with illustrative surface distribution examples.

Conclusions:

  • Arbitrary 3D motion and controlled helical trajectories are achievable in Janus particles.
  • Surface engineering offers a powerful method to dictate the complex motion of active particles.
  • The patch model provides a design roadmap for creating bespoke phoretic spheres.