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Modulating fluid intelligence performance through combined cognitive training and brain stimulation.

Anna-Katharine Brem1, Jessamy Norton-Ford Almquist2, Karen Mansfield3

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Neuropsychologia
|April 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcranial electrical brain stimulation combined with executive function training significantly improved fluid intelligence (Gf). Improvements in Gf were mediated by training progression in specific stimulation groups.

Keywords:
Cognitive enhancementCognitive trainingExecutive functionsFluid intelligenceTranscranial electrical stimulation (tES)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurotechnology

Background:

  • The potential for cognitive training to induce far transfer effects, particularly on fluid intelligence (Gf), remains a subject of debate.
  • Transcranial electrical brain stimulation (tES) methods, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), and alternating current stimulation (ACS), are being explored for their capacity to augment cognitive training outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of four different tES protocols (tDCS, tRNS, multifocal tACS, and multifocal tDCS) when combined with computerized executive function (EF) training.
  • To assess the transfer effects of these combined interventions on fluid intelligence (Gf).

Main Methods:

  • 82 participants were randomized into five groups: tDCS, tRNS, multifocal alternating current stimulation (mftACS), multifocal tDCS (mftDCS) plus EF training, or a no-contact control.
  • EF training involved daily gamified tasks targeting working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility.
  • Fluid intelligence was measured using a composite score from the Bochumer Matrizentest (BOMAT), Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM), and Sandia Matrices.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in Gf were observed in the tDCS, mftDCS, and tRNS groups compared to the no-contact control group.
  • The mftACS group did not show significant Gf improvements, performing similarly to the control group.
  • Mediation analyses revealed that training progression mediated the Gf improvements in the mftDCS and tRNS groups.

Conclusions:

  • Combining specific transcranial electrical brain stimulation protocols with sustained executive function training can induce transfer effects on fluid intelligence.
  • The effectiveness of tES in enhancing cognitive training appears to be protocol-dependent, with tDCS, mftDCS, and tRNS showing positive outcomes.
  • Training progression is a key factor mediating the observed improvements in fluid intelligence when using tES alongside executive function training.