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Kidney Stone Composition in Third-World Areas: What Kashgar Tells Us?
Jiawei Luo1, Aierken Tuerxun2, Abuduwupuer Shataer3
11 Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China .
Journal of Endourology
|April 14, 2018
Summary
Ammonium acid urate (AAU) stones are most common in children under 18 in Kashgar, China. Further research is needed to understand the high prevalence of AAU stones in this young population.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Nephrology
- Pediatric Nephrology
Background:
- Urinary stone disease (urolithiasis) is a significant health concern globally.
- Understanding regional variations in stone composition is crucial for effective prevention and treatment strategies.
- Kashgar, China, presents a unique demographic with a high prevalence of urolithiasis, particularly in younger populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the chemical composition of urinary stones in patients from Kashgar, China.
- To identify the most common stone types and their prevalence across different age groups and genders.
- To investigate potential correlations between stone composition, age, and gender in the studied population.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective analysis of 732 patients with urolithiasis admitted to hospitals in Kashgar Prefecture between July 2014 and November 2016.
- Patients were categorized into two age groups: 0-18 years (Group A) and >18 years (Group B).
- Urinary stone compositions were analyzed and correlated with patient demographics, including age and gender.
Main Results:
- Ammonium acid urate (AAU) was the most frequent stone type overall (35.83% in males, 33.48% in females).
- Patients younger than 18 years constituted the majority (58.47%) of the study cohort.
- AAU stones were predominant in infants (<1 year) and in the 1-3 years age group, with a higher incidence in males.
- Calcium apatite stones were significantly more prevalent in females (p=0.004).
- Uric acid stones were more common in individuals over 60 years (66.8%).
Conclusions:
- The majority of urolithiasis patients in Kashgar are under 18 years old, with a peak incidence in those younger than 3 years.
- Ammonium acid urate (AAU) is the predominant urinary stone composition in this region, especially in the pediatric population.
- The high prevalence of AAU stones in young patients warrants further investigation into the underlying etiological mechanisms.
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