Opthalmological sequelae due to paintball injuries: Case studies

Describe the ophthalmological sequelae of patients diagnosed with blunt eye injury by paintball.

There were a total 14 cases with a diagnosis of blunt trauma by paintball were treated at the ophthalmology emergency department of the Barraquer Clinic in Bogotá, Colombia. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination with their respective controls according to their outcome.

The frequency of eye trauma by paintball was 3.01%. Fourteen eyes were evaluated, age range from 9 to 49 years. Cases were unilateral, 1 woman and 13 men, initial visual acuity less than 20/30 in 12 eyes. Only 5 eyes progressed satisfactorily, and 3 were surgically intervened. The cases that did not show any improvement in visual acuity were related to posterior pole problems, with the most frequent being macular alterations, choroidal rupture, choroidal detachment, retinal tear, and retinal folds. In 3eyes, clinical improvement of visual acuity was evidenced secondary to haemorrhagic processes that resolved with medical treatment. One of them underwent surgical treatment of the lens with an intraocular lens implant. In 2eyes, the visual recovery was very satisfactory and 100% in another.

Paintball has increased as a sport and recreational activity, where paint projectiles are fired with compressed air weapons. It carries risks of suffering various trauma that can lead to catastrophic episodes, in terms of visual health, and repercussions on the quality of life of those affected.