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Phosphatase activity tunes two-component system sensor detection threshold.

Brian P Landry1, Rohan Palanki1, Nikola Dyulgyarov1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, 77005, TX, USA.

Nature Communications
|April 14, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered two-component systems (TCSs) biosensors for biotechnology by tuning their detection thresholds. This method allows for precise control, enabling custom biosensors for various applications like soil fertilizer monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Two-component systems (TCSs) are crucial signal transduction pathways in bacteria and a key resource for biosensor development.
  • Current biosensors often have detection thresholds misaligned with practical application needs.
  • Tuning TCS detection thresholds is essential for creating effective biosensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between histidine kinase phosphatase activity and TCS detection thresholds.
  • To develop a method for tuning TCS detection thresholds for biotechnological applications.
  • To engineer TCS biosensors for sensing environmental factors like soil fertilizer concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling to predict the effect of phosphatase activity on detection thresholds.
  • Experimental validation using engineered Bacillus subtilis nitrate and E. coli aspartate TCS sensors.
  • Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved residues in tetrathionate and thiosulfate TCS sensors.
  • Engineering B. subtilis for in-situ soil fertilizer sensing.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that increased phosphatase activity of sensor histidine kinase leads to higher TCS detection thresholds.
  • Successfully tuned detection thresholds of engineered TCS biosensors by up to two orders of magnitude.
  • Validated the TCS tuning method on multiple sensor types, including tetrathionate and thiosulfate sensors.
  • Engineered a B. subtilis strain capable of sensing and reporting a broad spectrum of soil fertilizer concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • TCS phosphatase activity is a key determinant of biosensor detection thresholds.
  • A versatile method for tuning TCS detection thresholds has been established.
  • This approach enables the creation of bespoke biosensors for diverse synthetic biology and environmental monitoring applications.