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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Electron Carriers01:24

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Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
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The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
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Two-dimensional electronic transport and surface electron accumulation in MoS2.

M D Siao1, W C Shen2, R S Chen3

  • 1Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.

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|April 14, 2018
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Summary

The surface of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) acts as a significant n-doping source, with electron concentration four orders of magnitude higher than its bulk. In situ-cleaved surfaces, however, show an intrinsic state.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Quasi-two-dimensional materials possess high surface-to-volume ratios, making surface properties critical for controlling electronic characteristics.
  • Van der Waals crystals, like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), are theorized to have inert surfaces due to the absence of dangling bonds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the surface characteristics of synthesized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and their impact on electronic properties.
  • Determine if the surface of MoS2 contributes to doping and influences conductivity.
  • Explore methods to achieve intrinsic electronic states in layered semiconductors.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of high-quality molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoflakes.
  • Electrical conductivity measurements, including thickness-dependent studies and the transfer length method.
  • Surface characterization using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES).

Main Results:

  • The surface of synthesized MoS2 was identified as a major source of n-type doping.
  • Surface electron concentration in MoS2 was found to be nearly four orders of magnitude higher than in the bulk.
  • Thickness-dependent conductivity and two-dimensional charge transport behavior were observed in MoS2 nanoflakes.
  • In situ-cleaved MoS2 surfaces demonstrated an intrinsic state, lacking significant surface electron accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • The surface of synthesized MoS2 is not inert and acts as a dominant n-doping source.
  • Controlling surface conditions is essential for tuning the electronic properties of layered semiconductors like MoS2.
  • Achieving an intrinsic state requires methods like in situ cleavage to remove surface doping effects.