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Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
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Adwait Deshpande1, Shreejata Gupta2, Anindya Sinha3,2,4,5,6

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Area of Science:

  • Primate communication
  • Evolution of language
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Understanding the evolution of intentionality in communication is key to understanding human language origins.
  • Previous studies on intentional communication in animals were largely confined to captive environments.
  • Bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) are Old World monkeys found in southern India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel food-requesting behavior from humans in wild bonnet macaques.
  • To assess whether this behavior meets established criteria for intentional communication.
  • To explore the evolutionary implications of intentional communication in nonhuman primates.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted naturalistic observations and field experiments in Bandipur National Park, India.
  • Analyzed four behavioral components of food requesting: coo-calls, hand-extension gesture, orientation, and monitoring behavior.
  • Evaluated these behaviors against established criteria for intentional communication.

Main Results:

  • Wild bonnet macaques demonstrated food-requesting behaviors directed at humans.
  • All observed food-requesting behaviors, except coo-calls, met the criteria for intentional communication.
  • This suggests a potentially intentional behavioral strategy in this wild macaque population.

Conclusions:

  • The food-requesting behavior in bonnet macaques represents a potentially intentional communication strategy.
  • This finding suggests that cognitive precursors for language production may be present in simians.
  • The use of combined signals across different modalities could be an early evolutionary development in primate communication.