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Resonance and Hybrid Structures

Resonance and Hybrid Structures

According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, the actual distribution of electrons is an average of that shown by the various Lewis structures.
Resonance Structures and Resonance Hybrids
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N–O and N=O bonds.

Resonance

Resonance

The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

Published on: May 9, 2014

Tunable Resonance Coupling in Single Si Nanoparticle-Monolayer WS₂ Structures.

Sergey Lepeshov¹, Mingsong Wang, Alex Krasnok

¹ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101 , Russia.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|April 14, 2018

Summary

Strong coupling between silicon nanoparticles and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) creates exciton-polaritons. Changing the dielectric environment significantly enhances Rabi splitting energy in these hybrid nanophotonic systems.

Keywords:

exciton resonance high-index dielectric nanoantennas magnetic Mie resonance strong coupling transition metal dichalcogenides

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Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators

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A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

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Published on: May 9, 2014

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Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators

Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators

Published on: December 29, 2015

Area of Science:

Nanophotonics and Quantum Optics
Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

Two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising for visible and near-infrared optoelectronics.
Coupling TMDCs to optical nanocavities is key for advanced quantum optics and nanophotonic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate resonance coupling in hybrid exciton-polariton structures using single silicon nanoparticles (NPs) and monolayer (1L)-WS₂.
To explore methods for enhancing Rabi splitting energy in these hybrid systems.

Main Methods:

Theoretical prediction of strong coupling regime for Si NP on 1L-WS₂ at magnetic optical Mie resonance.
Experimental estimation of TMDC dipole moment variation using photoluminescence spectra in different solvents.
Experimental realization and tuning of resonance coupling by changing the surrounding dielectric material (air to water).

Main Results:

Predicted strong coupling with Rabi splitting energy exceeding 110 meV for Si NP covered by 1L-WS₂.
Achieved enhanced Rabi splitting energy up to 208 meV by changing the dielectric environment from air to water.
Experimentally demonstrated tunable Rabi splitting energy from 49.6 to 86.6 meV by replacing air with water.

Conclusions:

Hybrid systems of Si NPs and 1L-WS₂ exhibit strong coupling and tunable resonance.
The surrounding dielectric environment plays a crucial role in enhancing Rabi splitting energy.
These findings enable the development of high-efficiency optoelectronic, nanophotonic, and quantum optical devices.