Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026

High-throughput Detection Method for Influenza Virus
Published on: February 4, 2012
IFN-λ prevents influenza virus spread from the upper airways to the lungs and limits virus transmission
Jonas Klinkhammer1,2, Daniel Schnepf1,3, Liang Ye1
1Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Abstract:
Host factors restricting the transmission of respiratory viruses are poorly characterized. We analyzed the contribution of type I and type III interferon (IFN) using a mouse model in which the virus is selectively administered to the upper airways, mimicking a natural respiratory virus infection. Mice lacking functional IFN-λ receptors (Ifnlr1) no longer restricted virus dissemination from the upper airways to the lungs. Ifnlr1 mice shed significantly more infectious virus particles via the nostrils and transmitted the virus much more efficiently to naïve contacts compared with wild-type mice or mice lacking functional type I IFN receptors. Prophylactic treatment with IFN-α or IFN-λ inhibited initial virus replication in all parts of the respiratory tract, but only IFN-λ conferred long-lasting antiviral protection in the upper airways and blocked virus transmission. Thus, IFN-λ has a decisive and non-redundant function in the upper airways that greatly limits transmission of respiratory viruses to naïve contacts.
Related Concept Videos
What are Viruses?
Introduction to Virus
Viruses of Archaea
Viruses with RNA Genomes
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

