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The Role and Mechanism of Borneol to Open the Blood-Brain Barrier
Tao Wu1, Aiqin Zhang2, Hongyang Lu2
11 Nantong Rich Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
Background:
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the greatest challenge in the treatment of intracranial malignant tumors.
Objective:
The aim of this study is to determine the role of borneol in opening the BBB and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Materials And Methods:
Twenty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into borneol group intragastrically administered with 10% borneol corn oil (2 mL/kg) and control group. After 30 minutes, 2% Evans blue (4 mL/kg) was injected. Thirty minutes later, brain tissue was analyzed using the Evans blue standard curve. Another 40 SD rats were randomized into high-, medium-, and low-dose borneol groups and a control group. Each rat in the experimental groups was intragastrically administered with 10% borneol corn oil (2 mL/kg, 1.25 mL/kg, and 0.5 mL/kg, respectively). The control group was injected with corn oil of 1.25 mL/kg. After 30 minutes, the rats were killed, and the brain tissues were collected. The expression of occludin, occludens-1, nitric oxide synthase, P-glycoprotein, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was detected by immunohistochemy.
Results:
The concentration of Evans blue in the borneol group was higher than in the control group ( P < .05). The mean density of ICAM-1 expression was higher in the experimental group than in the control group ( P < .05). In contrast, significant differences of positive area and total density of ICAM-1 were shown only between the high-dose group and the control group ( P < .05).
Conclusion:
Borneol can open the BBB, which might be related with the increased expression of ICAM-1.
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