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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Serial Position Effect

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The serial position effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to recall the first and last items in a list compared to those in the middle. This effect is divided into the primacy effect and the recency effect. The primacy effect is observed when the initial items in a list are remembered better. This occurs because these items are rehearsed more frequently or receive more elaborative processing, allowing them to be encoded into long-term memory more effectively. For...
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Radiation: Applications01:17

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Preparation and Delivery of Protein Microcrystals in Lipidic Cubic Phase for Serial Femtosecond Crystallography
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X-ray and UV radiation-damage-induced phasing using synchrotron serial crystallography.

Nicolas Foos1, Carolin Seuring2, Robin Schubert3

  • 1Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Genoble, France.

Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Structural Biology
|April 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Radiation-damage-induced phasing (RIP) determines crystal structures but requires low doses. Using serial synchrotron crystallography and selective data merging enhances RIP success by increasing data multiplicity for improved phase determination.

Keywords:
experimental phasinggenetic algorithmsradiation damageradiation-damage-induced phasingsynchrotron serial crystallography

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Radiation-damage-induced phasing (RIP) is a method for de novo phase determination from macromolecular crystals.
  • Minimizing radiation dose per dataset in RIP leads to low data multiplicity, limiting experimental success.
  • Isomorphism issues between crystals can degrade signal quality when combining data from multiple sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the low multiplicity limitation of radiation-damage-induced phasing (RIP).
  • To investigate the utility of serial synchrotron crystallography (SSC) combined with selective data merging for RIP.
  • To improve the success rate and data quality of RIP experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Serial synchrotron crystallography (SSC) was employed to collect data from multiple crystals.
  • Selective merging strategies were developed to combine datasets while mitigating lack of isomorphism.
  • The combined approach was applied to determine phases for insulin and thaumatin crystals.

Main Results:

  • High-quality phases were successfully determined for insulin and thaumatin.
  • The increased data multiplicity achieved through SSC and selective merging significantly enhanced the success rate of RIP.
  • The study demonstrates a viable solution to overcome the low multiplicity challenge in RIP.

Conclusions:

  • Serial synchrotron crystallography combined with selective data merging is effective for radiation-damage-induced phasing.
  • This integrated approach overcomes limitations of low multiplicity and inter-crystal variation.
  • The method offers a pathway to more robust and successful de novo phasing in structural biology.