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Related Concept Videos

Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles01:29

Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles

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The period of muscle contraction primarily influences the duration of stimulation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the presence of free calcium ions in the sarcoplasm, and the availability of energy or ATP to support contractions.
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Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
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Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:24

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Diaphragm Function
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[Diaphragm relaxation surgery].

V D Parshin1, M A Khetagurov1

  • 1Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation, Burdenko Clinic of Faculty Surgery, Moscow, Russia.

Khirurgiia
|April 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical repair of unilateral diaphragm relaxation using a novel technique with prosthetic materials effectively restored diaphragm function and improved patient quality of life, with no recurrence observed.

Keywords:
diaphragm plasticdiaphragm relaxation

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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Diaphragm Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Unilateral diaphragm relaxation presents a significant clinical challenge.
  • Effective surgical management strategies are crucial for restoring respiratory function.
  • Optimal surgical indications and techniques require ongoing investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish an examination algorithm for unilateral diaphragm relaxation.
  • To define indications for diverse surgical treatment options.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a specific surgical technique.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 25 patients undergoing surgical treatment for unilateral diaphragm relaxation (1963-2016).
  • Diagnosis primarily utilized radiological methods.
  • Open thoracotomy with diaphragmatic reconstruction using prosthetic materials (xenopericardial or synthetic).

Main Results:

  • Postoperative morbidity was 20% and mortality was 4%.
  • No recurrent diaphragm relaxation was observed in long-term follow-up (8 months to 12 years).
  • Significant improvements in dyspnea, vital capacity, and FEV1 were noted, with high SF-36 quality of life scores.

Conclusions:

  • The developed surgical approach for unilateral diaphragm relaxation is effective in restoring function.
  • Prosthetic materials demonstrate durable results in diaphragm reconstruction.
  • This surgical strategy leads to substantial long-term improvements in respiratory parameters and quality of life.