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    This study introduces a dual-reference digital holographic interferometer to analyze high refractive indices in transonic and supersonic flows. The method effectively removes phase singularities for clearer shock wave analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Optical Engineering
    • * Fluid Dynamics
    • * Aerodynamics

    Background:

    • * Analyzing high refractive index gradients in transonic and supersonic flows is crucial for understanding fluid dynamics.
    • * Traditional interferometry methods face challenges with complex refractive index orientations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To propose a novel dual-reference digital holographic interferometer for analyzing high refractive index phenomena.
    • * To enable comprehensive analysis of transparent objects irrespective of refractive index gradient orientation.
    • * To demonstrate the method's efficacy in visualizing shock waves in unsteady flow.

    Main Methods:

    • * A Wollaston prism is integrated into the reference arm to generate two orthogonally polarized reference waves.
    • * Recorded interferograms yield two distinct interference patterns, separable in the Fourier spectrum.
    • * Phase maps from two interference orders are reconstructed and fused, removing phase singularities.

    Main Results:

    • * The dual-reference interferometer successfully generates two separable interference patterns.
    • * Reconstructed phase maps allow analysis independent of refractive index gradient orientation.
    • * Experimental results validate the technique for analyzing shock waves around a circular cylinder at Mach 0.75.

    Conclusions:

    • * The proposed dual-reference digital holographic interferometer is suitable for high refractive index flow analysis.
    • * The fusion of phase maps effectively eliminates phase singularities, enhancing data clarity.
    • * This technique offers a robust solution for studying complex aerodynamic phenomena like shock waves.