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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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In chromatography, a solute moves through a chromatographic column and tends to spread, forming a Gaussian-shaped band. The longer the solute spends in the column, the broader the band becomes. The broadening can lead to overlaps within the column, affecting separation effectiveness.
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Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...
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A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit...
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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Three-dimensional Optical-resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy
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Autofocusing optical-resolution photoacoustic endoscopy.

Kedi Xiong, Sihua Yang, Xiaowan Li

    Optics Letters
    |April 14, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed an autofocusing photoacoustic endoscope (AF-PAE) for improved gastrointestinal imaging. This innovation enhances early disease diagnosis by maintaining high resolution in the irregular GI tract.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Medical Imaging
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Photoacoustic (PA) endoscopy shows promise for early gastrointestinal disease detection.
    • Imaging in the gastrointestinal tract is challenging due to irregular surfaces, leading to image resolution deterioration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate an autofocusing photoacoustic endoscope (AF-PAE) for enhanced gastrointestinal tract imaging.
    • To overcome the limitations of defocus scanning and improve transverse resolution in PA endoscopy.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a 9-mm-diameter AF-PAE probe with a 6-mm aspheric lens and a 6-mm liquid lens for automatic focal length adjustment.
    • Integrated an unfocused 15 MHz ultrasonic transducer for PA signal detection.
    • Achieved a focus-shifting range from 2 to 10 mm with a 360° field of view.

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    Main Results:

    • The AF-PAE demonstrated high transverse resolution and image contrast across its focus-shifting range.
    • Phantom experiments and ex vivo rabbit rectum imaging validated the system's performance.
    • Successfully visualized vasculature distribution in the rabbit rectum.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed AF-PAE effectively addresses the challenge of maintaining image quality in irregular gastrointestinal anatomy.
    • AF-PAE shows significant potential for clinical applications, including colorectal vessel imaging and early disease diagnosis.