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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
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The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
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A computational model for the joint onset and development.

Kalenia M Márquez-Flórez1, James R Monaghan2, Sandra J Shefelbine3

  • 1Biomimetics Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Ciudad Universitaria, Colombia; Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Ciudad Universitaria, Colombia.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|April 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a computational model predicting embryonic joint development. The model uses reaction-diffusion equations to simulate biochemical processes, successfully forecasting joint formation, morphology, and cartilage development.

Keywords:
InterzoneJoint cavitationJoint onsetReaction-diffusion

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Joints are crucial for skeletal movement, with their development influenced by genetic, biochemical, and mechanical factors.
  • Embryonic development relies on precise biochemical processes for organized growth and articulation formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a computational model predicting the appearance, location, and development of joints during the embryonic stage.
  • To simulate the biochemical events underlying joint formation using reaction-diffusion equations.

Main Methods:

  • Modeled biochemical events with reaction-diffusion equations using generic molecules for site determination, proliferation, matrix synthesis, and articular cartilage definition.
  • Incorporated cell differentiation from mesenchymal to articular cartilage cells.
  • Solved reaction-diffusion equations using the finite elements method.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully predicted joint growth, cleavage, morphology, and articular cartilage formation from a mesenchymal bud.
  • Predicted gene expression patterns during development aligned with existing literature.
  • Demonstrated that initial rudiment dimensions influence diffusion profiles and Turing patterns, dictating cleavage sites and joint number.

Conclusions:

  • The computational model provides a framework for understanding embryonic joint development.
  • Initial physical dimensions play a critical role in pattern formation and joint segmentation.
  • The model's predictions support the role of reaction-diffusion mechanisms in determining joint number and placement.