Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base

Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base

The reaction between a Brønsted-Lowry acid and water is called acid ionization. For example, when hydrogen fluoride dissolves in water and ionizes, protons are transferred from hydrogen fluoride molecules to water molecules, yielding hydronium ions and fluoride ions:

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.

Water and Mineral Acquisition

Water and Mineral Acquisition

Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.

States of Water

States of Water

Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...

The Water Cycle

The Water Cycle

The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.

Quality of Water

Quality of Water

In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Integrated economic and adsorption performance study of CMC/MMT nano-composite for cationic dye removal from industrial wastewater.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

A novel photo-induced synthesis of carboxymethyl chitosan-silver nanocomposite: preparation, characterization and antibacterial efficacy of cotton finished fabrics.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, DFT, in Silico-Docking, and ADMET Investigations of Novel Chromene-Based 2,4-Thiazolidinediones.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2024

Same author

Chitosan Schiff base electrospun fabrication and molecular docking assessment for nonleaching antibacterial nanocomposite production.

Cellulose (London, England)·2023

Same author

Potential role of medicinal plants and their constituents in the mitigation of SARS-CoV-2: identifying related therapeutic targets using network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses.

RSC advances·2022

Same author

Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Analysis, DFT, and Cytotoxicity of Palladium Complexes with Nitrogen-Donor Ligands.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Published on: April 7, 2017

Superabsorbent hydrogel based on sulfonated-starch for improving water and saline absorbency.

Gamal Zain¹, Ahmed A Nada¹, Manal A El-Sheikh¹

¹Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulose Based Textiles Dept., Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

|April 14, 2018

Summary

Developing a new superabsorbent hydrogel from sulfonated starch improves water and saline absorption for agriculture. This sustainable solution enhances soil water retention, boosting crop yields in water-scarce regions.

Keywords:

Acrylonitrile Anionic starch Graft polymerization Sulfonation

More Related Videos

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Published on: March 4, 2021

Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

Published on: August 4, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Published on: April 7, 2017

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Published on: March 4, 2021

Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

Published on: August 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Polymer Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Developing countries face agricultural challenges due to water scarcity and declining crop yields.
Sustainable water resource management is crucial for global agriculture.
Superabsorbent hydrogels offer a promising solution for improving soil water retention.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an amphoteric superabsorbent hydrogel using an indirect method based on anionic starch.
To enhance the water and saline absorbency of starch-based hydrogels for agricultural applications.
To evaluate the performance of the synthesized hydrogel compared to native starch.

Main Methods:

Anionic starch derivatives were prepared bearing sulfonate groups.
Graft-polymerization of acrylonitrile onto starch derivatives followed by alkaline hydrolysis.
Synthesis of hydrolyzed sodium starch sulfate-g-polyacrylonitrile (HSSS-g-PAN) copolymer.
Optimization of polymerization conditions including time, temperature, initiator, and monomer ratio.

Main Results:

The synthesized HSSS-g-PAN copolymer demonstrated significantly improved water and saline absorbencies compared to native starch-based hydrogels.
Hydrogels derived from sulfonated starch derivatives showed superior water absorbency: 250% and 190% for distilled water and 90% and 70% for saline solutions.
Optimized polymerization conditions led to enhanced hydrogel performance.

Conclusions:

The developed amphoteric superabsorbent hydrogel is effective in improving soil water and saline absorption.
This novel hydrogel presents a sustainable and efficient solution for water management in agriculture, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.
The findings support the use of modified starch-based hydrogels for enhancing crop productivity under water-stress conditions.