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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
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Brain morphological and microstructural features in cryptogenic late-onset temporal lobe epilepsy: a structural and

Daichi Sone1,2, Noriko Sato3, Yukio Kimura3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. daichisone@gmail.com.

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|April 15, 2018
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Summary

This study reveals unique brain changes in elderly patients with late-onset temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Findings suggest increased gray matter in the amygdala and hippocampus, and altered white matter diffusivity, potentially indicating inflammatory processes.

Keywords:
Diffusion tensor imagingEpilepsy in the elderlyLate-onset epilepsyTemporal lobe epilepsyVoxel-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Epilepsy in the elderly is gaining attention, yet systematic neuroimaging studies are scarce.
  • Late-onset temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) presents unique diagnostic challenges in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the morphological and microstructural brain features in late-onset TLE using structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 30 patients with late-onset TLE (onset >50 years) and 40 age/sex-matched healthy controls.
  • Utilized 3-Tesla MRI, including 3D T1-weighted images and 15-direction DTI.
  • Analyzed data using Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 (SPM12) and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS), with significance set at p < 0.05 (family-wise error).

Main Results:

  • Late-onset TLE group showed significant gray matter volume increases in the bilateral amygdala and anterior hippocampus.
  • Demonstrated significantly reduced mean diffusivity in the left temporofrontal lobe, internal capsule, and brainstem.
  • No significant changes were observed in white matter volume or fractional anisotropy.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest distinct neuroimaging characteristics in elderly TLE patients.
  • These alterations may reflect underlying mechanisms such as inflammatory processes in cryptogenic TLE.
  • Highlights the utility of advanced MRI techniques in understanding epilepsy in older populations.